코드리뷰 수정

backend/app/core/config.py

@@ -306,6 +306,43 @@ class Settings(BaseSettings):
         extra = "ignore"  # .env 파일의 추가 필드 무시
         env_file_encoding = "utf-8"
 
+    def validate_required(self) -> list[str]:
+        """필수 환경변수 누락 여부를 검사하고 경고 목록을 반환한다.
+
+        시작 시 lifespan에서 호출하여 운영자에게 조기 경보를 제공한다.
+        누락 시 예외를 발생시키지 않으므로 서비스 기동은 계속된다.
+        """
+        warnings: list[str] = []
+
+        # KIS API 키: 현재 모드에 맞는 키 필수
+        if not self.KOREA_INVESTMENT_APP_KEY:
+            warnings.append(
+                f"KIS_{self.KIS_MODE.upper()}_APP_KEY 미설정 — "
+                f"{'KIS_VIRTUAL_APP_KEY' if self.is_virtual_trading else 'KIS_REAL_APP_KEY'} 확인 필요"
+            )
+        if not self.KOREA_INVESTMENT_APP_SECRET:
+            warnings.append(
+                f"KIS_{self.KIS_MODE.upper()}_APP_SECRET 미설정"
+            )
+        if not self.KOREA_INVESTMENT_ACCOUNT_NUMBER:
+            warnings.append(
+                f"KIS_{self.KIS_MODE.upper()}_ACCOUNT_NO 미설정"
+            )
+
+        # DB / Redis
+        if "localhost" in self.DATABASE_URL and os.path.exists("/.dockerenv"):
+            warnings.append("DATABASE_URL에 localhost 포함 — Docker 환경에서 postgres 호스트명 확인 필요")
+
+        # MCP 검증 활성화 시 AI 키 필요
+        if self.MCP_VALIDATION_ENABLED and not self.ANTHROPIC_API_KEY:
+            from pydantic_settings import BaseSettings as _BS  # lazy import
+            # GEMINI_API_KEY는 config에 없으므로 환경변수 직접 확인
+            gemini_key = os.environ.get("GEMINI_API_KEY", "")
+            if not gemini_key:
+                warnings.append("MCP_VALIDATION_ENABLED=True 이지만 ANTHROPIC_API_KEY / GEMINI_API_KEY 미설정")
+
+        return warnings
+
 
 @lru_cache()
 def get_settings() -> Settings:

backend/app/core/logging_config.py

@@ -1,14 +1,36 @@
-"""공통 로깅 설정 — KST(Asia/Seoul) 타임존 포매터 제공."""
+"""공통 로깅 설정 — KST(Asia/Seoul) 타임존 포매터 + 민감 정보 마스킹 제공."""
 
 import logging
 import datetime
+import re
 import pytz
 
 KST = pytz.timezone("Asia/Seoul")
 
+# ── 민감 정보 마스킹 패턴 (API 키, 시크릿, 토큰, 계좌번호) ──────────────────────
+_MASK_PATTERNS = [
+    # Bearer 토큰
+    (re.compile(r'(Bearer\s+)[A-Za-z0-9\-_.]{20,}', re.I), r'\1***'),
+    # access_token 값
+    (re.compile(r'(access_?token[":\s=]+)[A-Za-z0-9\-_.]{20,}', re.I), r'\1***'),
+    # appsecret / app_secret 값
+    (re.compile(r'(app_?secret[":\s=]+)[A-Za-z0-9+/=]{10,}', re.I), r'\1***'),
+    # appkey / app_key 값 (8자 이상)
+    (re.compile(r'(app_?key[":\s=]+)[A-Za-z0-9]{8,}', re.I), r'\1***'),
+    # 계좌번호 (account_no / account_number)
+    (re.compile(r'(account[_\s]?(?:no|number)[":\s=]+)\d{6,}', re.I), r'\1***'),
+]
+
+
+def _mask_sensitive(text: str) -> str:
+    """로그 텍스트에서 API 키·토큰·계좌번호 등 민감 정보를 마스킹한다."""
+    for pattern, replacement in _MASK_PATTERNS:
+        text = pattern.sub(replacement, text)
+    return text
+
 
 class KSTFormatter(logging.Formatter):
-    """%(asctime)s 를 KST(UTC+9) 기준으로 출력하는 포매터."""
+    """%(asctime)s 를 KST(UTC+9) 기준으로 출력하고, 민감 정보를 마스킹하는 포매터."""
 
     def formatTime(self, record: logging.LogRecord, datefmt: str | None = None) -> str:
         ct = datetime.datetime.fromtimestamp(record.created, tz=KST)
@@ -16,3 +38,8 @@ class KSTFormatter(logging.Formatter):
             return ct.strftime(datefmt)
         t = ct.strftime(self.default_time_format)
         return self.default_msec_format % (t, record.msecs)
+
+    def format(self, record: logging.LogRecord) -> str:
+        """포맷팅 후 민감 정보 마스킹 적용."""
+        formatted = super().format(record)
+        return _mask_sensitive(formatted)

backend/app/main.py

@@ -50,48 +50,54 @@ logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
 
 def _normalize_recommendations(rec: dict) -> dict:
-    """사로 다른 포맷의 추청 결과를 recommendations_by_rule 포맷으로 정규화.
+    """서로 다른 포맷의 추천 결과를 recommendations_by_rule 포맷으로 정규화.
 
     - get_rule_based_recommendations_realtime() → {"recommendations": [...], ...}
     - get_rule_based_recommendations_from_db()   → {"recommendations_by_rule": {...}, ...}
 
     둘 다 recommendations_by_rule 키를 보장한 상태로 돌려준다.
     Redis 캐시 데이터와 DB 데이터 모두 이 함수를 통해 정규화.
+    변환 실패 시 원본 rec를 그대로 반환 (런타임 에러 방지).
     """
     if not rec:
+        return rec or {}
+
+    try:
+        # Case 1: Already normalized (dict)
+        if isinstance(rec.get("recommendations_by_rule"), dict):
+            return rec
+
+        # Determine the source of the recommendation list
+        raw_list = []
+        if "recommendations" in rec and isinstance(rec["recommendations"], list):
+            raw_list = rec["recommendations"]
+        elif "recommendations_by_rule" in rec and isinstance(rec["recommendations_by_rule"], list):
+            # This is the case that causes the bug
+            raw_list = rec["recommendations_by_rule"]
+
+        if not raw_list:
+            # if there is no list to process, make sure the output has a dict
+            rec["recommendations_by_rule"] = {}
+            return rec
+
+        # Group the list by rule
+        by_rule: dict = {}
+        for item in raw_list:
+            rule = (
+                item.get("rule_name")
+                or item.get("signal")
+                or item.get("strategy")
+                or "general"
+            )
+            by_rule.setdefault(rule, []).append(item)
+
+        # Return the original dict with the new/replaced 'recommendations_by_rule'
+        return {**rec, "recommendations_by_rule": by_rule}
+
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.warning(f"⚠️ _normalize_recommendations 변환 실패, 원본 반환: {e}")
         return rec
 
-    # Case 1: Already normalized (dict)
-    if isinstance(rec.get("recommendations_by_rule"), dict):
-        return rec
-
-    # Determine the source of the recommendation list
-    raw_list = []
-    if "recommendations" in rec and isinstance(rec["recommendations"], list):
-        raw_list = rec["recommendations"]
-    elif "recommendations_by_rule" in rec and isinstance(rec["recommendations_by_rule"], list):
-        # This is the case that causes the bug
-        raw_list = rec["recommendations_by_rule"]
-
-    if not raw_list:
-        # if there is no list to process, make sure the output has a dict
-        rec["recommendations_by_rule"] = {}
-        return rec
-
-    # Group the list by rule
-    by_rule: dict = {}
-    for item in raw_list:
-        rule = (
-            item.get("rule_name")
-            or item.get("signal")
-            or item.get("strategy")
-            or "general"
-        )
-        by_rule.setdefault(rule, []).append(item)
-
-    # Return the original dict with the new/replaced 'recommendations_by_rule'
-    return {**rec, "recommendations_by_rule": by_rule}
-
 
 async def batch_analysis_scheduler():
     """10분 간격 배치 분석 스케줄러.
@@ -99,57 +105,92 @@ async def batch_analysis_scheduler():
     장중 10분마다 KIS API로 종목 분석 후 stock_analysis DB에 upsert.
     분석 완료 후 Redis에 recommendations:latest 캐시를 저장해
     auto_trade_scheduler가 DB 조회 없이 바로 매매 판단에 활용할 수 있도록 한다.
+
+    개선:
+    - 15:30 이후 장 종료 감지 → 익일 08:50까지 자동 중단
+    - 분석 실패 시 exponential backoff 재시도 (최대 3회: 10s/20s/40s)
     """
     await asyncio.sleep(15)  # 부팅 안정화 (auto_trade_scheduler보다 늦게 시작)
     from app.api.endpoints.recommendations import get_rule_based_recommendations_realtime
     from app.core.redis import setex_json, TTL_RECOMMENDATIONS, TTL_ANALYSIS
+    from datetime import timedelta as _td
 
     interval = int(getattr(settings, "BATCH_ANALYSIS_INTERVAL", 600))  # 기본 10분
+    _KST = pytz.timezone("Asia/Seoul")
     logger.info(f"📊 Batch analysis scheduler started (every {interval}s)")
     try:
         while True:
+            now_kst = pytz.datetime.datetime.now(_KST)
+
+            # 15:30 이후 → 장 종료, 익일 08:50까지 대기
+            if now_kst.hour > 15 or (now_kst.hour == 15 and now_kst.minute >= 30):
+                tomorrow_start = (
+                    _KST.localize(
+                        pytz.datetime.datetime(now_kst.year, now_kst.month, now_kst.day, 8, 50, 0)
+                    ) + _td(days=1)
+                )
+                sleep_sec = max((tomorrow_start - now_kst).total_seconds(), 3600)
+                logger.info(f"⏸️ [Batch] 장 종료 (15:30 이후). {sleep_sec / 3600:.1f}시간 후 재개")
+                await asyncio.sleep(sleep_sec)
+                continue
+
             if not is_market_open():
                 await asyncio.sleep(1800)
                 continue
-            try:
-                logger.info("🔄 [Batch] 10-min analysis cycle starting...")
-                result = await get_rule_based_recommendations_realtime()
-                count = len(result.get("recommendations", [])) if result else 0
-                logger.info(f"✅ [Batch] Done: {count} stocks saved/updated in stock_analysis DB")
 
-                # ── Redis 캐시 업데이트 ─────────────────────────────────────────
-                if result:
-                    # 정규화: recommendations_by_rule 키 보장 (auto_trade_scheduler 호환)
-                    normalized = _normalize_recommendations(result)
-                    ok = await setex_json(
-                        "recommendations:latest", TTL_RECOMMENDATIONS, normalized
-                    )
-                    if ok:
-                        rec_by_rule = normalized.get('recommendations_by_rule', [])
-                        rec_count = len(rec_by_rule) if isinstance(rec_by_rule, (list, dict)) else 0
-                        logger.info(
-                            f"💾 [Batch] Redis 캐시 갱신 완료: recommendations:latest "
-                            f"(rule 수: {rec_count}, "
-                            f"TTL: {TTL_RECOMMENDATIONS}s)"
+            # ── exponential backoff 재시도 (최대 3회) ────────────────────────
+            max_retries = 3
+            for attempt in range(max_retries):
+                try:
+                    suffix = f" (재시도 {attempt + 1}/{max_retries})" if attempt > 0 else ""
+                    logger.info(f"🔄 [Batch] 10-min analysis cycle starting...{suffix}")
+                    result = await get_rule_based_recommendations_realtime()
+                    count = len(result.get("recommendations", [])) if result else 0
+                    logger.info(f"✅ [Batch] Done: {count} stocks saved/updated in stock_analysis DB")
+
+                    # ── Redis 캐시 업데이트 ─────────────────────────────────────────
+                    if result:
+                        # 정규화: recommendations_by_rule 키 보장 (auto_trade_scheduler 호환)
+                        normalized = _normalize_recommendations(result)
+                        ok = await setex_json(
+                            "recommendations:latest", TTL_RECOMMENDATIONS, normalized
                         )
+                        if ok:
+                            rec_by_rule = normalized.get('recommendations_by_rule', [])
+                            rec_count = len(rec_by_rule) if isinstance(rec_by_rule, (list, dict)) else 0
+                            logger.info(
+                                f"💾 [Batch] Redis 캐시 갱신 완료: recommendations:latest "
+                                f"(rule 수: {rec_count}, "
+                                f"TTL: {TTL_RECOMMENDATIONS}s)"
+                            )
 
-                    # ===== 개별 종목별 캐시 (병렬 처리 적용) =====
-                    raw_list = result.get("recommendations", [])
-                    cache_tasks = []
+                        # ===== 개별 종목별 캐시 (병렬 처리 적용) =====
+                        raw_list = result.get("recommendations", [])
+                        cache_tasks = []
 
-                    for item in raw_list:
-                        code = item.get("stock_code") or item.get("code")
-                        if code:
-                            cache_tasks.append(setex_json(f"analysis:{code}", TTL_ANALYSIS, item))
+                        for item in raw_list:
+                            code = item.get("stock_code") or item.get("code")
+                            if code:
+                                cache_tasks.append(setex_json(f"analysis:{code}", TTL_ANALYSIS, item))
 
-                    if cache_tasks:
-                        await asyncio.gather(*cache_tasks, return_exceptions=True)
-                        logger.info(f"💾 [Batch] 개별 종목 분석 데이터 캐시 갱신 완료: {len(cache_tasks)}건 (TTL: {TTL_ANALYSIS}s)")
-                    # ===============================================
-                # ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+                        if cache_tasks:
+                            await asyncio.gather(*cache_tasks, return_exceptions=True)
+                            logger.info(f"💾 [Batch] 개별 종목 분석 데이터 캐시 갱신 완료: {len(cache_tasks)}건 (TTL: {TTL_ANALYSIS}s)")
+                        # ===============================================
+                    # ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+                    break  # 성공 시 재시도 루프 탈출
+
+                except Exception as e:
+                    wait = 10 * (2 ** attempt)  # 10s → 20s → 40s
+                    if attempt < max_retries - 1:
+                        logger.warning(
+                            f"⚠️ [Batch] 분석 실패 ({attempt + 1}/{max_retries}), "
+                            f"{wait}초 후 재시도: {e}"
+                        )
+                        await asyncio.sleep(wait)
+                    else:
+                        logger.error(f"❌ Batch analysis error (최대 재시도 초과): {e}", exc_info=True)
 
-            except Exception as e:
-                logger.error(f"❌ Batch analysis error: {e}", exc_info=True)
             await asyncio.sleep(interval)
     except asyncio.CancelledError:
         logger.info("⏹️ Batch analysis scheduler stopped")
@@ -381,16 +422,26 @@ async def krx_data_collector_scheduler():
                 await asyncio.sleep(3600)
                 continue
 
-            # 수집 실행
-            try:
-                logger.info("📥 [KRX] 일봉 데이터 증분 수집 시작 (update mode)...")
-                from collect_krx_data import collect_all
-                await collect_all(update_mode=True)
-                _last_collected = today
-                logger.info("✅ [KRX] 일봉 데이터 수집 완료")
-            except Exception as e:
-                logger.error(f"❌ [KRX] 데이터 수집 실패: {e}", exc_info=True)
-                await asyncio.sleep(1800)  # 실패 시 30분 후 재시도
+            # 수집 실행 (최대 3회 재시도, 30분 간격)
+            max_krx_retries = 3
+            for krx_attempt in range(max_krx_retries):
+                try:
+                    suffix = f" (재시도 {krx_attempt + 1}/{max_krx_retries})" if krx_attempt > 0 else ""
+                    logger.info(f"📥 [KRX] 일봉 데이터 증분 수집 시작 (update mode){suffix}...")
+                    from collect_krx_data import collect_all
+                    await collect_all(update_mode=True)
+                    _last_collected = today
+                    logger.info("✅ [KRX] 일봉 데이터 수집 완료")
+                    break
+                except Exception as e:
+                    if krx_attempt < max_krx_retries - 1:
+                        logger.warning(
+                            f"⚠️ [KRX] 수집 실패 ({krx_attempt + 1}/{max_krx_retries}), "
+                            f"30분 후 재시도: {e}"
+                        )
+                        await asyncio.sleep(1800)
+                    else:
+                        logger.error(f"❌ [KRX] 데이터 수집 최대 재시도 초과: {e}", exc_info=True)
 
     except asyncio.CancelledError:
         logger.info("⏹️ KRX data collector scheduler stopped")
@@ -405,6 +456,10 @@ async def lifespan(app: FastAPI):
     logger.info(f"KIS Base URL: {settings.KOREA_INVESTMENT_API_BASE_URL}")
     logger.info(f"KIS Account: {settings.KOREA_INVESTMENT_ACCOUNT_NUMBER}")
 
+    # ── 필수 환경변수 검증 (조기 경보) ──────────────────────────────────────────
+    for warn_msg in settings.validate_required():
+        logger.warning(f"⚠️ [Config] {warn_msg}")
+
     # DB 테이블 자동 생성
     # 컬럼 추가/테이블 생성 DDL 은 Alembic migration 으로 관리됨.
     # 배포 전 `cd backend && alembic upgrade head` 를 실행할 것.
@@ -595,6 +650,21 @@ async def log_requests(request: Request, call_next):
 app.include_router(api_router, prefix="/api/v1")
 
 
+# ── 전역 예외 핸들러 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+from fastapi import Request as _Request
+from fastapi.responses import JSONResponse as _JSONResponse
+
+
+@app.exception_handler(Exception)
+async def global_exception_handler(_req: _Request, exc: Exception) -> _JSONResponse:
+    """처리되지 않은 예외를 500 JSON으로 변환해 일관된 에러 응답을 보장한다."""
+    logger.error(f"Unhandled exception: {_req.method} {_req.url} — {exc}", exc_info=True)
+    return _JSONResponse(
+        status_code=500,
+        content={"detail": "내부 서버 오류가 발생했습니다. 잠시 후 다시 시도해 주세요."},
+    )
+
+
 @app.get("/")
 async def root():
     return {"message": "Auto Stock Trading System API", "version": "1.0.0", "status": "running"}
@@ -602,7 +672,34 @@ async def root():
 
 @app.get("/health")
 async def health_check():
-    return {"status": "healthy"}
+    """DB / Redis 연결 상태를 포함한 헬스체크."""
+    from sqlalchemy import text as _sa_text
+    from app.core.redis import get_redis
+
+    db_ok = False
+    redis_ok = False
+
+    try:
+        async with engine.connect() as conn:
+            await conn.execute(_sa_text("SELECT 1"))
+        db_ok = True
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+
+    try:
+        r = get_redis()
+        if r:
+            await r.ping()
+            redis_ok = True
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+
+    status = "healthy" if (db_ok and redis_ok) else "degraded"
+    return {
+        "status": status,
+        "db": "ok" if db_ok else "error",
+        "redis": "ok" if redis_ok else "error",
+    }
 
 
 @app.websocket("/ws/{client_id}")
@@ -621,7 +718,17 @@ async def websocket_endpoint(websocket: WebSocket, client_id: str):
     await websocket_manager.connect(websocket, client_id)
     try:
         while True:
-            data = await websocket.receive_text()
+            try:
+                data = await asyncio.wait_for(websocket.receive_text(), timeout=60.0)
+            except asyncio.TimeoutError:
+                # 60초 동안 메시지 없음 → ping 전송으로 연결 유지 확인
+                try:
+                    await websocket_manager.send_personal_message(
+                        json.dumps({"type": "ping"}), client_id
+                    )
+                except Exception:
+                    break
+                continue
             try:
                 msg = json.loads(data)
             except (json.JSONDecodeError, AttributeError):

backend/app/services/korea_investment_api.py

@@ -19,6 +19,53 @@ TTL_MINUTE_FULLDAY = 60    # 당일 전체 분봉 캐시 1분
 TTL_OVERSEAS_CHART = 300   # 해외 일봉 캐시 5분
 
 
+class CircuitBreaker:
+    """KIS API Circuit Breaker — 연속 N회 실패 시 일정 시간 요청 차단.
+
+    States:
+        CLOSED   : 정상 운영 (요청 허용)
+        OPEN     : 차단 (recovery_timeout 경과 전까지 요청 거부)
+        HALF_OPEN: 복구 시도 (1개 요청 허용 → 성공 시 CLOSED, 실패 시 OPEN)
+    """
+
+    def __init__(self, failure_threshold: int = 5, recovery_timeout: int = 600):
+        self.failure_threshold = failure_threshold  # 연속 실패 허용 횟수
+        self.recovery_timeout = recovery_timeout    # 차단 후 복구 대기 시간 (초)
+        self.failure_count = 0
+        self.last_failure_time: Optional[float] = None
+        self.state = "CLOSED"
+
+    def can_request(self) -> bool:
+        """요청 가능 여부 반환."""
+        if self.state == "CLOSED":
+            return True
+        if self.state == "OPEN":
+            if self.last_failure_time and time.time() - self.last_failure_time >= self.recovery_timeout:
+                self.state = "HALF_OPEN"
+                logger.info("⚡ Circuit breaker HALF_OPEN: 복구 시도")
+                return True
+            return False
+        return True  # HALF_OPEN
+
+    def record_success(self) -> None:
+        """성공 기록 — 차단 해제."""
+        if self.state != "CLOSED":
+            logger.info("✅ Circuit breaker CLOSED: 복구 완료")
+        self.failure_count = 0
+        self.state = "CLOSED"
+
+    def record_failure(self) -> None:
+        """실패 기록 — 임계치 초과 시 차단."""
+        self.failure_count += 1
+        self.last_failure_time = time.time()
+        if self.state == "HALF_OPEN" or self.failure_count >= self.failure_threshold:
+            self.state = "OPEN"
+            logger.warning(
+                f"⚡ Circuit breaker OPEN: {self.failure_count}회 연속 실패. "
+                f"{self.recovery_timeout}초 후 재시도"
+            )
+
+
 class APICallMonitor:
     """API 호출 모니터링 및 통계"""
     
@@ -125,6 +172,7 @@ class KoreaInvestmentAPI:
         instance.semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore(settings.API_MAX_CONCURRENT_REQUESTS)
         instance._token_lock = asyncio.Lock()
         instance.monitor = APICallMonitor(window_size=settings.API_MONITORING_WINDOW)
+        instance.circuit_breaker = CircuitBreaker(failure_threshold=5, recovery_timeout=600)
         logger.info(
             "🔧 KIS 실계좌 시세조회 API 초기화: base_url=%s, app_key=%s...",
             instance.base_url, instance.app_key[:6]
@@ -157,6 +205,9 @@ class KoreaInvestmentAPI:
         # 모니터링
         self.monitor = APICallMonitor(window_size=settings.API_MONITORING_WINDOW)
 
+        # Circuit Breaker (5회 연속 실패 → 10분 차단)
+        self.circuit_breaker = CircuitBreaker(failure_threshold=5, recovery_timeout=600)
+
         # 시작 시 설정 로깅 (키 마스킹)
         logger.info(f"🔧 KIS API 초기화: mode={settings.KIS_MODE}, "
                      f"base_url={self.base_url}, "
@@ -287,7 +338,13 @@ class KoreaInvestmentAPI:
                 raise
     
     async def _make_request(self, method: str, endpoint: str, tr_id: str, extra_headers: Optional[Dict[str, str]] = None, **kwargs) -> (Dict[str, Any], Any):
-        """API 요청 실행 (안전한 재시도 + 쓰로틀링 + 모니터링)"""
+        """API 요청 실행 (Circuit Breaker + 세마포어 + 재시도 + 모니터링)"""
+
+        # Circuit Breaker 상태 확인
+        if not self.circuit_breaker.can_request():
+            wait_sec = self.circuit_breaker.recovery_timeout
+            logger.warning(f"⚡ Circuit breaker OPEN — {wait_sec}초 후 재시도 가능. 요청 거부: {endpoint}")
+            raise Exception(f"Circuit breaker open: KIS API 일시 차단 ({wait_sec}s)")
 
         # 동시 요청 수 제한 (세마포어)
         async with self.semaphore:
@@ -337,6 +394,7 @@ class KoreaInvestmentAPI:
                     if response.status_code == 200:
                         duration = time.time() - start_time
                         self.monitor.record_call(success=True, duration=duration, retries=retry_count)
+                        self.circuit_breaker.record_success()
 
                         # 오류율 경고
                         if self.monitor.should_alert(threshold=settings.API_ERROR_THRESHOLD):
@@ -364,6 +422,7 @@ class KoreaInvestmentAPI:
                             await asyncio.sleep(delay)
                             continue
                         else:
+                            self.circuit_breaker.record_failure()
                             logger.error(f"❌ API 최대 재시도 횟수 초과: {response.status_code}")
                             raise last_exception
                     
@@ -401,6 +460,7 @@ class KoreaInvestmentAPI:
                 else:
                     duration = time.time() - start_time
                     self.monitor.record_call(success=False, duration=duration, retries=retry_count)
+                    self.circuit_breaker.record_failure()
                     logger.error(f"❌ API 타임아웃 최대 재시도 초과")
                     raise
 
@@ -408,12 +468,14 @@ class KoreaInvestmentAPI:
                 # 예상치 못한 오류
                 duration = time.time() - start_time
                 self.monitor.record_call(success=False, duration=duration, retries=retry_count)
+                self.circuit_breaker.record_failure()
                 logger.error(f"❌ API 요청 중 예외 발생: {str(e)}")
                 raise
 
         # 여기까지 왔다면 모든 재시도 실패
         duration = time.time() - start_time
         self.monitor.record_call(success=False, duration=duration, retries=retry_count)
+        self.circuit_breaker.record_failure()
         if last_exception:
             raise last_exception
         raise Exception("API 요청 실패 (알 수 없는 오류)")

backend/app/services/trade_executor.py

@@ -1,5 +1,6 @@
 import asyncio
 import logging
+import time
 from decimal import Decimal
 from datetime import timedelta
 from sqlalchemy.ext.asyncio import AsyncSession
@@ -19,14 +20,124 @@ from app.services.technical_indicators import (
 
 logger = logging.getLogger(__name__)
 
-# 동시 주문 1개로 제한 — 중복 주문 및 레이스 컨디션 방지
-_order_semaphore = asyncio.Semaphore(1)
+# ── 종목별 세마포어 — 동일 종목 동시 주문 방지 ────────────────────────────────
+_order_semaphores: dict = {}
 
 
-async def _mcp_validate_buy(stock: dict) -> tuple:
-    # 전략 엔진(RSI/BB/MA/ATR 등)이 이미 신호를 검증하므로 AI 호출 불필요.
-    # RISK_ASSESSMENT는 매매 직전 mcp.py에서 별도 수행.
-    return True, "strategy_validated"
+def _get_order_semaphore(stock_code: str) -> asyncio.Semaphore:
+    """종목별 세마포어 반환. 없으면 생성."""
+    if stock_code not in _order_semaphores:
+        _order_semaphores[stock_code] = asyncio.Semaphore(1)
+    return _order_semaphores[stock_code]
+
+
+# ── Redis 분산락 — 중복 주문 완전 방지 (TTL 60초) ────────────────────────────
+_ORDER_LOCK_TTL = 60  # seconds
+
+
+async def _acquire_order_lock(stock_code: str, order_type: str) -> bool:
+    """Redis SETNX 기반 분산락 획득. 성공 시 True."""
+    try:
+        from app.core.redis import get_redis
+        client = get_redis()
+        if not client:
+            return True  # Redis 미연결 → 락 없이 진행
+        key = f"order_lock:{stock_code}:{order_type}"
+        result = await client.set(key, "1", nx=True, ex=_ORDER_LOCK_TTL)
+        return result is True
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.debug(f"[order_lock] 획득 오류 (패스): {e}")
+        return True
+
+
+async def _release_order_lock(stock_code: str, order_type: str) -> None:
+    """Redis 분산락 해제."""
+    try:
+        from app.core.redis import delete_key
+        await delete_key(f"order_lock:{stock_code}:{order_type}")
+    except Exception:
+        pass
+
+
+# ── 주문 재시도 — Exponential backoff (1→2→4초, 최대 3회) ───────────────────
+async def _place_order_with_retry(
+    is_domestic: bool,
+    stock_code: str,
+    order_type: str,
+    quantity: int,
+    price: float,
+    exchange_code: str = "NASD",
+    max_retries: int = 3,
+) -> dict:
+    """주문 실행 with exponential backoff. 시스템 오류에만 재시도."""
+    last_result: dict = {}
+    for attempt in range(max_retries):
+        try:
+            if is_domestic:
+                result = await korea_investment_api.place_order(stock_code, order_type, quantity, price)
+            else:
+                result = await korea_investment_api.place_overseas_order(
+                    stock_code, order_type, quantity, float(price), exchange_code
+                )
+            # rt_cd "0"=성공, "1"=PENDING → 재시도 불필요
+            if result.get("rt_cd") in ("0", "1"):
+                return result
+            last_result = result
+            if attempt < max_retries - 1:
+                wait = 1 * (2 ** attempt)  # 1s → 2s → 4s
+                logger.warning(
+                    f"⚠️ 주문 실패 (rt_cd={result.get('rt_cd')}) "
+                    f"→ {wait}초 후 재시도 ({attempt + 1}/{max_retries}): {stock_code}"
+                )
+                await asyncio.sleep(wait)
+        except Exception as e:
+            last_result = {"rt_cd": "-1", "msg1": str(e), "odno": None}
+            if attempt < max_retries - 1:
+                wait = 1 * (2 ** attempt)
+                logger.warning(f"⚠️ 주문 예외 ({attempt + 1}/{max_retries}), {wait}초 후 재시도: {e}")
+                await asyncio.sleep(wait)
+            else:
+                logger.error(f"❌ 주문 최대 재시도 초과: {stock_code} {order_type} — {e}")
+    return last_result or {"rt_cd": "-1", "msg1": "max_retries_exceeded", "odno": None}
+
+
+# ── 미체결 주문 1분 후 자동 취소 ─────────────────────────────────────────────
+async def _auto_cancel_if_pending(order_id: str, stock_code: str, quantity: int, delay: int = 60) -> None:
+    """delay초 후에도 PENDING 상태면 자동 취소."""
+    await asyncio.sleep(delay)
+    try:
+        result = await korea_investment_api.cancel_order(order_id, quantity)
+        if result.get("rt_cd") == "0":
+            logger.info(f"미체결 자동 취소 완료: {stock_code} order_id={order_id}")
+        else:
+            logger.debug(f"[auto_cancel] {stock_code} — {result.get('msg1')} (이미 체결됐을 수 있음)")
+    except Exception as e:
+        logger.debug(f"[auto_cancel] {stock_code} — {e}")
+
+
+# ── 계좌 정보 30초 인메모리 캐시 ──────────────────────────────────────────────
+_account_cache: dict = {"data": None, "ts": 0.0}
+_ACCOUNT_CACHE_TTL = 30  # seconds
+
+
+def _get_cached_account() -> tuple | None:
+    """(available_cash, total_assets) 30초 캐시. 만료 시 None 반환."""
+    if _account_cache["data"] and time.monotonic() - _account_cache["ts"] < _ACCOUNT_CACHE_TTL:
+        return _account_cache["data"]
+    return None
+
+
+def _set_account_cache(available_cash: float, total_assets: float) -> None:
+    _account_cache["data"] = (available_cash, total_assets)
+    _account_cache["ts"] = time.monotonic()
+
+
+# ── 지정가 ±0.5% 조정 — 체결률 향상 ──────────────────────────────────────────
+def _adjust_order_price(price: float, order_type: str) -> int:
+    """BUY +0.5% / SELL -0.5% 지정가 조정."""
+    if order_type == "BUY":
+        return int(price * 1.005)
+    return int(price * 0.995)
 
 
 async def _execute_buy(
@@ -43,7 +154,7 @@ async def _execute_buy(
 ) -> dict:
     """BUY 주문 실행 로직 — 선체크 → semaphore → 주문 → TradeHistory 기록 → sync."""
 
-    # ── 1. 3일 급등 체크 ─────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # ── 1. 3일 급등 체크 (ATR 기반 동적 임계값) ───────────────────────────────
     try:
         if is_domestic:
             chart_resp = await korea_investment_api.get_daily_chart(stock_code, "D", limit=10)
@@ -64,7 +175,30 @@ async def _execute_buy(
                     ((current_price - price_3days_ago) / price_3days_ago) * 100
                     if price_3days_ago > 0 else 0
                 )
-                if recent_gain > 10:
+                # ATR 기반 동적 임계값: 최근 3일 평균 일간 변동폭 * 2, 최소 10%
+                try:
+                    highs = (
+                        [float(item.get("stck_hgpr", 0)) for item in chart_data[-4:]]
+                        if is_domestic
+                        else [float(item.get("high", 0)) for item in chart_data[-4:]]
+                    )
+                    lows = (
+                        [float(item.get("stck_lwpr", 0)) for item in chart_data[-4:]]
+                        if is_domestic
+                        else [float(item.get("low", 0)) for item in chart_data[-4:]]
+                    )
+                    daily_ranges = [
+                        abs(highs[i] - lows[i]) for i in range(len(closes))
+                        if closes[i] > 0 and highs[i] > 0 and lows[i] > 0
+                    ]
+                    atr_pct = (
+                        (sum(daily_ranges) / len(daily_ranges) / price_3days_ago * 100)
+                        if daily_ranges and price_3days_ago > 0 else 0
+                    )
+                    surge_threshold = max(10.0, atr_pct * 2)
+                except Exception:
+                    surge_threshold = 10.0
+                if recent_gain > surge_threshold:
                     return {"action": "HOLD", "stock": stock_name, "reason": "chase_buy_prevention"}
     except Exception as e:
         logger.debug(f"[chase_buy] 차트 조회 실패, 우회: {stock_code} — {e}")
@@ -95,13 +229,18 @@ async def _execute_buy(
         except Exception:
             return {"action": "HOLD", "stock": stock_name, "reason": "trend_filter_error"}
 
-    # ── 3. 현금·자산 조회 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-    try:
-        from app.api.endpoints.portfolio import portfolio_cache
-        available_cash = float(portfolio_cache.summary.get("available_cash", 0)) if portfolio_cache.summary else 0.0
-        total_assets = float(portfolio_cache.summary.get("total_assets", 0)) if portfolio_cache.summary else 0.0
-    except Exception:
-        available_cash, total_assets = 0.0, 0.0
+    # ── 3. 현금·자산 조회 (30초 캐시 활용) ──────────────────────────────────
+    cached = _get_cached_account()
+    if cached:
+        available_cash, total_assets = cached
+    else:
+        try:
+            from app.api.endpoints.portfolio import portfolio_cache
+            available_cash = float(portfolio_cache.summary.get("available_cash", 0)) if portfolio_cache.summary else 0.0
+            total_assets = float(portfolio_cache.summary.get("total_assets", 0)) if portfolio_cache.summary else 0.0
+            _set_account_cache(available_cash, total_assets)
+        except Exception:
+            available_cash, total_assets = 0.0, 0.0
 
     daily_cutoff = _get_kst_now().replace(hour=0, minute=0, second=0, microsecond=0)
 
@@ -145,12 +284,7 @@ async def _execute_buy(
     if recent_buys and (_get_kst_now() - recent_buys[0].created_at).total_seconds() < cooldown_min * 60:
         return {"action": "HOLD", "stock": stock_name, "reason": "cooldown"}
 
-    # ── 7. MCP 검증 ───────────────────────────────────────────────────────────
-    mcp_ok, mcp_reason = await _mcp_validate_buy(stock)
-    if not mcp_ok:
-        return {"action": "HOLD", "stock": stock_name, "reason": mcp_reason}
-
-    # ── 8. 포지션 사이징 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    # ── 7. 포지션 사이징 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────────
     current_value = float(holding.quantity * current_price) if holding else 0.0
     regime_str = stock.get("_regime_str", "bear")
     regime = MarketRegime.BULL if regime_str == "bull" else MarketRegime.BEAR
@@ -165,26 +299,32 @@ async def _execute_buy(
     if invest_amount <= 0 and total_assets <= 0:
         invest_amount = available_cash * 0.04
 
-    quantity = int(invest_amount / current_price)
+    quantity = int(Decimal(str(invest_amount)) / Decimal(str(current_price)))
     if quantity <= 0:
         return {"action": "SKIP", "reason": "quantity_zero", "stock": stock_name}
 
-    # ── 9. 주문 실행 (semaphore로 동시성 제어) ───────────────────────────────
+    # ── 8. Redis 분산락 획득 ──────────────────────────────────────────────────
+    if not await _acquire_order_lock(stock_code, "BUY"):
+        return {"action": "SKIP", "stock": stock_name, "reason": "order_lock_busy"}
+
+    # ── 9. 주문 실행 (종목별 세마포어 + 재시도) ───────────────────────────────
     try:
-        async with _order_semaphore:
-            if is_domestic:
-                order_result = await korea_investment_api.place_order(
-                    stock_code, "BUY", quantity, int(current_price)
-                )
-            else:
-                order_result = await korea_investment_api.place_overseas_order(
-                    stock_code, "BUY", quantity, float(current_price), exchange_code
-                )
+        order_price = _adjust_order_price(current_price, "BUY")
+        async with _get_order_semaphore(stock_code):
+            order_result = await _place_order_with_retry(
+                is_domestic=is_domestic,
+                stock_code=stock_code,
+                order_type="BUY",
+                quantity=quantity,
+                price=order_price,
+                exchange_code=exchange_code,
+            )
 
         total_amount = Decimal(str(current_price)) * quantity
         entry_reason = f"매수 신호: {', '.join(signals[:3])}. 점수: {score_val}점"
         success = order_result.get("rt_cd") == "0"
-        status = "COMPLETED" if success else ("PENDING" if order_result.get("rt_cd") == "1" else "FAILED")
+        is_pending = order_result.get("rt_cd") == "1"
+        status = "COMPLETED" if success else ("PENDING" if is_pending else "FAILED")
 
         trade = TradeHistory(
             rule_id=stock.get("rule_id"),
@@ -214,8 +354,12 @@ async def _execute_buy(
                 portfolio_cache.apply_buy(stock_code, stock_name, quantity, current_price)
             except Exception:
                 pass
-            # KIS 체결 확인 후 포트폴리오 DB 동기화 (3초 딜레이)
             asyncio.create_task(_delayed_sync_portfolio(delay_seconds=3))
+        elif is_pending:
+            # PENDING 주문 → 1분 후 자동 취소
+            order_id = order_result.get("odno")
+            if order_id:
+                asyncio.create_task(_auto_cancel_if_pending(order_id, stock_code, quantity))
 
         return {
             "action": "BUY",
@@ -227,6 +371,8 @@ async def _execute_buy(
 
     except Exception as e:
         return {"action": "BUY_FAILED", "stock": stock_name, "error": str(e)}
+    finally:
+        await _release_order_lock(stock_code, "BUY")
 
 
 async def _execute_sell(
@@ -251,11 +397,28 @@ async def _execute_sell(
     take_profit = stock.get("take_profit", 3.0)
     stop_loss = stock.get("stop_loss", -1.5)
 
-    if not (profit_loss_rate >= take_profit or profit_loss_rate <= stop_loss or True):
-        return {"action": "HOLD", "stock": stock_name}
+    # ATR 기반 동적 손절/트레일링 스탑 조정
+    atr = float(stock.get("atr", 0) or 0)
+    _avg_price = float(holding.average_price or 0)
+    exit_reason_detail = f"손익률 {profit_loss_rate:.2f}%"
+    if atr > 0 and _avg_price > 0:
+        # ATR 손절: 진입가 - 2.5*ATR (CLAUDE.md 규칙)
+        atr_stop_price = _avg_price - 2.5 * atr
+        atr_stop_pct = ((atr_stop_price / _avg_price) - 1) * 100
+        stop_loss = max(stop_loss, atr_stop_pct)  # 더 보수적인 값 사용
+
+        # 트레일링 스탑: 고점 - 1.5*ATR (CLAUDE.md 규칙)
+        high_price = float(stock.get("high_price") or current_price)
+        trailing_stop_price = high_price - 1.5 * atr
+        if current_price <= trailing_stop_price and profit_loss_rate > 0:
+            exit_reason_detail = f"ATR 트레일링 스탑: {current_price:.0f} ≤ {trailing_stop_price:.0f} | {exit_reason_detail}"
+
+    # Redis 분산락 획득
+    if not await _acquire_order_lock(stock_code, "SELL"):
+        return {"action": "SKIP", "stock": stock_name, "reason": "order_lock_busy"}
 
     try:
-        # ── 1. 중복 주문 체크 — 주문 전에 먼저 확인 ────────────────────────
+        # ── 1. 중복 주문 체크 (DB + Redis 락 이중 방어) ──────────────────────
         recent_cutoff = _get_kst_now() - timedelta(seconds=10)
         duplicate_check = await db.execute(
             select(TradeHistory).where(
@@ -267,21 +430,23 @@ async def _execute_sell(
         if duplicate_check.scalar_one_or_none():
             return {"action": "SKIP", "reason": "duplicate_order", "stock": stock_name}
 
-        # ── 2. 주문 실행 (semaphore로 동시성 제어) ──────────────────────────
-        async with _order_semaphore:
-            if is_domestic:
-                order_result = await korea_investment_api.place_order(
-                    stock_code, "SELL", quantity, int(current_price)
-                )
-            else:
-                order_result = await korea_investment_api.place_overseas_order(
-                    stock_code, "SELL", quantity, float(current_price), exchange_code
-                )
+        # ── 2. 주문 실행 (종목별 세마포어 + 재시도) ──────────────────────────
+        order_price = _adjust_order_price(current_price, "SELL")
+        async with _get_order_semaphore(stock_code):
+            order_result = await _place_order_with_retry(
+                is_domestic=is_domestic,
+                stock_code=stock_code,
+                order_type="SELL",
+                quantity=quantity,
+                price=order_price,
+                exchange_code=exchange_code,
+            )
 
         total_amount = Decimal(str(current_price)) * quantity
         profit_loss = (current_price - float(holding.average_price or current_price)) * quantity
         success = order_result.get("rt_cd") == "0"
-        status = "COMPLETED" if success else ("PENDING" if order_result.get("rt_cd") == "1" else "FAILED")
+        is_pending = order_result.get("rt_cd") == "1"
+        status = "COMPLETED" if success else ("PENDING" if is_pending else "FAILED")
 
         trade = TradeHistory(
             rule_id=stock.get("rule_id"),
@@ -295,7 +460,7 @@ async def _execute_sell(
             total_amount=total_amount,
             status=status,
             order_id=order_result.get("odno"),
-            message=f"자동매도: 손익률 {profit_loss_rate:.2f}%",
+            message=f"자동매도: {exit_reason_detail}",
             exit_reason=f"손익: {profit_loss:,.0f}원",
             signals=signals,
             net_profit_loss=Decimal(str(profit_loss)) if success else None,
@@ -317,8 +482,11 @@ async def _execute_sell(
                 ]
             except Exception:
                 pass
-            # KIS 체결 확인 후 포트폴리오 DB 동기화
             asyncio.create_task(_delayed_sync_portfolio(delay_seconds=3))
+        elif is_pending:
+            order_id = order_result.get("odno")
+            if order_id:
+                asyncio.create_task(_auto_cancel_if_pending(order_id, stock_code, quantity))
 
         return {
             "action": "SELL",
@@ -331,6 +499,8 @@ async def _execute_sell(
 
     except Exception as e:
         return {"action": "SELL_FAILED", "stock": stock_name, "error": str(e)}
+    finally:
+        await _release_order_lock(stock_code, "SELL")
 
 
 async def execute_auto_trade_background(recommendations_response: dict, db: AsyncSession):
@@ -562,6 +732,16 @@ async def execute_auto_trade(stock: dict, db: AsyncSession):
             if not has_strong_signal and (matched_count < 2 or score_val < 2):
                 should_buy = False
 
+        # ── ATR 기반 강제 손절 (신호 없어도 발동) ────────────────────────────
+        if holding and not should_sell:
+            atr = float(stock.get("atr", 0) or 0)
+            avg_price = float(holding.average_price or 0)
+            if atr > 0 and avg_price > 0:
+                atr_stop_price = avg_price - 2.5 * atr
+                if current_price <= atr_stop_price:
+                    should_sell = True
+                    signals = list(signals) + [f"ATR 손절: {current_price:.0f} ≤ {atr_stop_price:.0f}"]
+
         # ── 매매 실행 위임 ────────────────────────────────────────────────────
         if should_buy:
             return await _execute_buy(